Free and Open
This is the weighted total of the four scored pillars.
Country assessmentResearch confidence: High · Evidence coverage: Full
Andorra · 2026
Andorra
Open access, strong expression rights, independent courts, and European privacy safeguards support a top-tier result, with limited enforcement and surveillance gaps accounting for deductions.
Assessment windowJanuary 1–December 31, 2025
Research cutoffJuly 17, 2026
FrameworkMethodology v0.3 · 20 indicators
Territory coveragePrincipality of Andorra
Finding
01Why Andorra received this score.
Open access, strong expression rights, independent courts, and European privacy safeguards support a top-tier result, with limited enforcement and surveillance gaps accounting for deductions.
The score draws on country reporting, network measurements, shutdown records, journalist cases, privacy law, and rule-of-law data. The indicator findings below show how that evidence was converted into points. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Rule of Law & Accountability
Independent courts, regulators, and public procedures provide meaningful checks and remedies.
Free Expression & Civic Space
Online political debate is broad and legal protections generally remain effective.
Full coverage
8 cited sources support this assessment.
Scored assessment
02Indicator scores.
Each indicator receives 0–4 points. Five indicators form a pillar. The pillar average is converted to a percentage and multiplied by its published weight.
B
30% weight
Open Internet & Content Controls
No systematic political filtering or state-directed shutdown pattern was established in the reviewed record.
87.526.3 / 30 points
B1Shutdowns and throttling3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Political content, global platforms, encryption, and circumvention tools are broadly available without a documented pattern of government-ordered shutdowns or systemic filtering.; OONI measurements and the Access Now shutdown record provide the incident check. [2][3][4][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's B1 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
B2Website and service blocking3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Political content, global platforms, encryption, and circumvention tools are broadly available without a documented pattern of government-ordered shutdowns or systemic filtering.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and private discussion 4/4; the country OONI dashboard supplies direct network measurements. [3][1][2]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's B2 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
B3Removal and filtering orders3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Political content, global platforms, encryption, and circumvention tools are broadly available without a documented pattern of government-ordered shutdowns or systemic filtering.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and private discussion 4/4. [2][1][3]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's B3 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
B4Intermediary liability3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Political content, global platforms, encryption, and circumvention tools are broadly available without a documented pattern of government-ordered shutdowns or systemic filtering.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4. [2][1][3]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's B4 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
B5Circumvention and cross-border access3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Political content, global platforms, encryption, and circumvention tools are broadly available without a documented pattern of government-ordered shutdowns or systemic filtering.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and private discussion 4/4; OONI and Freedom House records provide the circumvention check. [3][1][2]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's B5 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
C
30% weight
Free Expression & Civic Space
Online political debate is broad and legal protections generally remain effective.
80.024.0 / 30 points
C1Legal protection for expression4.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Expression is broadly protected, while media ownership concentration, a small advertising market, limited source-protection rules, and civil and criminal liability constrain investigative reporting.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and private discussion 4/4; the relevant Freedom House country score 93/100. [1][7][5][8]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's C1 evidence supports 4.0/4. The record matches the strongest published anchor.
C2Speech-related offenses3.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Expression is broadly protected, while media ownership concentration, a small advertising market, limited source-protection rules, and civil and criminal liability constrain investigative reporting.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and due process 4/4; Freedom House country reporting supplies the offense and enforcement record. [2][1][5][8]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's C2 evidence supports 3.0/4. Protection is generally effective, with recurring but bounded shortcomings.
C3Arrests and penalties3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Expression is broadly protected, while media ownership concentration, a small advertising market, limited source-protection rules, and civil and criminal liability constrain investigative reporting.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded due process 4/4 and equal treatment under law 4/4; CPJ and Freedom House records provide the documented case check. [2][5][1][8]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's C3 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
C4Harassment, violence, and digital attacks2.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Expression is broadly protected, while media ownership concentration, a small advertising market, limited source-protection rules, and civil and criminal liability constrain investigative reporting.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and equal treatment under law 4/4; the 2026 RSF press-freedom score 63.9/100; CPJ and Freedom House reporting provide the violence, harassment, and accountability record. [5][8][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's C4 evidence supports 2.5/4. Meaningful safeguards coexist with material restrictions.
C5Civic participation and pluralism3.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Expression is broadly protected, while media ownership concentration, a small advertising market, limited source-protection rules, and civil and criminal liability constrain investigative reporting.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded political choice free from domination 4/4 and assembly freedom 4/4. [2][1][5][8]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's C5 evidence supports 3.0/4. Protection is generally effective, with recurring but bounded shortcomings.
D
20% weight
Privacy, Anonymity & User Security
Privacy law provides meaningful rights, but exemptions, enforcement gaps, or intelligence powers remain material.
82.516.5 / 20 points
D1Data protection rights3.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Data-protection law and secure communications provide strong safeguards, with some deductions for the small regulator and limited public evidence on surveillance oversight in practice.. [6][1][2]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's D1 evidence supports 3.0/4. Protection is generally effective, with recurring but bounded shortcomings.
D2Surveillance law and authorization3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Data-protection law and secure communications provide strong safeguards, with some deductions for the small regulator and limited public evidence on surveillance oversight in practice.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded judicial independence 4/4 and due process 4/4. [1][7][2][6]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's D2 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
D3Retention, access, and identity mandates3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Data-protection law and secure communications provide strong safeguards, with some deductions for the small regulator and limited public evidence on surveillance oversight in practice.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded private discussion 4/4 and due process 4/4; UNCTAD and Freedom House records provide the retention and identity-law check. [1][6][2]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's D3 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
D4Targeted surveillance and spyware3.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Data-protection law and secure communications provide strong safeguards, with some deductions for the small regulator and limited public evidence on surveillance oversight in practice.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded media freedom 3/4 and equal treatment under law 4/4; the RSF press-freedom environment 63.9/100; CPJ and Freedom House reporting provide the targeted-surveillance case record. [5][1][2][6]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's D4 evidence supports 3.0/4. Protection is generally effective, with recurring but bounded shortcomings.
D5Encryption and anonymity3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Data-protection law and secure communications provide strong safeguards, with some deductions for the small regulator and limited public evidence on surveillance oversight in practice.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded private discussion 4/4; OONI and Freedom House records provide the encryption and anonymity check. [3][1][2][6]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's D5 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
E
20% weight
Rule of Law & Accountability
Independent courts, regulators, and public procedures provide meaningful checks and remedies.
97.519.5 / 20 points
E1Judicial independence and due process4.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Independent courts, competitive elections, and European legal commitments provide effective review, although more than half of residents lack national voting rights.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded judicial independence 4/4 and due process 4/4. [7][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's E1 evidence supports 4.0/4. The record matches the strongest published anchor.
E2Independent regulators4.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Independent courts, competitive elections, and European legal commitments provide effective review, although more than half of residents lack national voting rights.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded government safeguards against corruption 4/4 and government openness and transparency 4/4. [7][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's E2 evidence supports 4.0/4. The record matches the strongest published anchor.
E3Government transparency4.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Independent courts, competitive elections, and European legal commitments provide effective review, although more than half of residents lack national voting rights.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded government openness and transparency 4/4. [7][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's E3 evidence supports 4.0/4. The record matches the strongest published anchor.
E4Notice, appeal, and remedy4.0 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Independent courts, competitive elections, and European legal commitments provide effective review, although more than half of residents lack national voting rights.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded judicial independence 4/4 and due process 4/4. [7][1]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's E4 evidence supports 4.0/4. The record matches the strongest published anchor.
E5Open and multistakeholder policymaking3.5 / 4
Observed record
Andorra: Independent courts, competitive elections, and European legal commitments provide effective review, although more than half of residents lack national voting rights.; Freedom House's 2026 country scorecard recorded elected officials' authority 3/4 and assembly freedom 4/4. [2][1][7]
Scoring judgment
Andorra's E5 evidence supports 3.5/4. Protection is strong, with a bounded exception preventing full credit.
Country findings
03Findings by pillar.
These are the principal findings for each scored part of the report. The indicator records above provide the supporting detail.
Open Internet & Content Controls
No systematic political filtering or state-directed shutdown pattern was established in the reviewed record.
[2][3][4]Free Expression & Civic Space
Online political debate is broad and legal protections generally remain effective.
[2][5][8]Privacy, Anonymity & User Security
Privacy law provides meaningful rights, but exemptions, enforcement gaps, or intelligence powers remain material.
[6][1]Rule of Law & Accountability
Independent courts, regulators, and public procedures provide meaningful checks and remedies.
[7][1]Research record
04Coverage
Principality of Andorra, assessed from January 1 through December 31, 2025.
Evidence
Network measurements, legal and institutional datasets, shutdown records, and documented cases support the findings.
Scoring
Twenty indicators measure content openness, expression, privacy, security, and institutional checks under Methodology v0.3.
Source register
05Sources used for this report.
Country reporting, open measurements, and cross-national datasets form the report record.
- 01Freedom HouseAndorra: Freedom in the World 2026 country report ↗Civil society · 2026 edition
- 02Digital Society ProjectDigital Society Project Dataset v8 ↗Independent measurement · 2000–2025 country-year data
- 03Open Observatory of Network InterferenceAndorra measurement dashboard ↗Independent measurement · Accessed July 17, 2026
- 04Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalitionInternet Shutdowns in 2025 Annual Report ↗Civil society · March 2026
- 05Committee to Protect Journalists2025 journalist prison census and case database ↗Civil society · January 21, 2026
- 06UN Trade and DevelopmentData protection and privacy legislation worldwide ↗International organization · Accessed July 17, 2026
- 07World Justice ProjectRule of Law Index 2025 ↗Independent measurement · October 28, 2025
- 08Reporters Without BordersAndorra: World Press Freedom Index 2026 profile ↗Civil society · May 2026